Statistical correlation of texts
The basic assumption is that a text that describes a sequence of events will devote more space to more important events (for example, a period of war or unrest will have much more text devoted to it) than a period of peaceful, non-eventful years) and that this irregularity will remain visible in other descriptions of the period.
For each analyzed text, a function is devised that maps each year mentioned in the text with the number of pages (lines, letters) devoted in the text to its description (which could be zero). The function of the two texts is then compared.
For example, the allegedly contemporary history of Rome written by Titus Livius and the modern history of Rome written by Russian historian V. S. Sergeev have a high correlation, and thus, they describe the same period of history, which is undisputed.
When modern texts that describe different periods are compared, we have a low correlation, as expected. However, when the allegedly ancient history of Rome and the irrefutable medieval history of Rome are compared, we have a high correlation. The conclusion is that the ancient history of Rome is a copy of the medieval history of Rome. Thus, ancient Rome did not exist; it is a version written in the Middle Ages.
Statistical correlation of dynasties
Two dynasties of rulers using statistical methods are compared. First, a database of rulers containing relevant information on each of them. For each pair of the rulers, are created “survey codes” which contain a number that describes a degree of the match of each considered property of two rulers.
For example, one of the properties is the way of death: if two rulers were both poisoned, they get the value of +1 in their property of the way of death; if one ruler was poisoned and another killed in combat, they get -1; and if one was poisoned, and another died of illness, they get 0 (there is a possibility that chroniclers were not impartial and that different descriptions nonetheless describe the same person). An important property is the length of the rule.
A number of pairs of unrelated dynasties are listed – for example, dynasties of kings of Israel and emperors of the late Western Roman Empire (AD 300-476) – and claimed that this method demonstrates correlations between their reigns. (Graphs that show just the length of the rule in the two dynasties are the most widely known; however, Dr. Fomenko’s conclusions are also based on other parameters, as described above.)
Dr. Fomenko also claims that the reignal history from the 17th to 20th centuries never shows a correlation of “dynastic flows” with each other. Therefore, Fomenko insists history was multiplied and outstretched into imaginary antiquity to justify this or other “royal” pretensions.
Fomenko uses for the demonstration of correlation between the reigns exclusively the data from the Chronological Tables of J. Blair (Moscow 1808–09). Fomenko says that Blair’s tables are all the more valuable to us since they were compiled in an epoch adjacent to the time of Scaligerian chronology. According to Fomenko, these tables contain clearer signs of “Scaligerite activity,” which were subsequently buried under layers of paint and plaster by historians of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Astronomical evidence
Fomenko examines astronomical events described in ancient texts and claims that the chronology is actually medieval:
Fomenko says that the mysterious drop in the value of the lunar acceleration parameter D” (“a linear combination of the [angular] accelerations of the Earth and Moon”) between AD 700–1300, according to the American astronomer Robert Newton could not be explained in terms of “non-gravitational” (i.e., tidal) forces.
By eliminating those anomalous early eclipses the New Chronology produces a constant value of D” beginning around AD 1000. Conclusion: alleged eclipses that accompanied key events of the world history did not take place neither in location nor in time alleged in ancient chronicles of which the originals have disappeared.
Fomenko associates initially the Star of Bethlehem with the AD 1140 (±20) supernova (now the Crab Nebula) and the Crucifixion Eclipse with the total solar eclipse of AD 1170 (±20). He also believes that the Crab Nebula supernova could not have been seen in AD 1054 but probably in AD 1153. He connects it with the total eclipse of AD 1186.
Fomenko refutes archeoastronomy as a fallacious circular exercise based on the erroneous clerical chronology of Jesuits Scaliger and Petavius. Fomenko holds in strong doubt the veracity of ancient Chinese astronomical data.
Fomenko pursues the research of Robert R. Newton and argues that the star catalog in the Almagest, ascribed to the Hellenistic astronomer Claudius Ptolemy, was compiled in the 15th to 16th centuries AD.
With this objective in sight, he develops new methods of dating old stellar catalogs and claims that the Almagest is based on data collected between AD 600 and 1300, whereby the telluric obliquity is well taken into account.
Fomenko refines and completes Morozov’s analysis of some ancient horoscopes, most notably, the so-called Dendera Zodiacs—two horoscopes drawn on the ceiling of the temple of Hathor — and comes to the conclusion that they correspond to either the 11th or the 13th century AD.
Fomenko makes computer-aided dating of all 37 Egyptian horoscopes that contain sufficient astronomical data and claims they all fit into the 11th to 19th-century timeframe. Traditional history usually either interprets these horoscopes as belonging to the 1st century BC or suggests that they weren’t meant to match any date at all.
In his final analysis of an eclipse triad described by the ancient Greek Thucydides in History of the Peloponnesian War, Fomenko dates the eclipses to AD 1039, 1046, and 1057. Because of the layered structure of the manuscript, he claims that Thucydides actually lived in medieval times, and in describing the Peloponnesian War between the Spartans and Athenians, he was actually describing the conflict between the medieval Navarrans and Catalans in Spain from AD 1374 to 1387.
Fomenko claims that the abundance of dated astronomical records in cuneiform texts from Mesopotamia is of little use for the dating of events, as the astronomical phenomena they describe recur cyclically every 30–40 years.
Fomenko points out that the texts of Babylonian astronomical diaries, with records of precise astronomical observations of the Moon and planets, were dated in XVI-XVIII centuries in terms of the reigns of alleged historical figures taken from the chronological tables of Scaliger and Petavius.
Astronomical retro calculations are clearly circular as observations registered on clay tablets and cylinders are dated not from astronomical information therein contained but from the alleged rulers’ reigns to within a single day, which was taken from Scaliger and Petavius tables.
Thus, the dates obtained agree with the accepted chronology. Thus, archaeoastronomer F. R. Stephenson has ‘demonstrated’ through a systematic study of a large number of Babylonian, Ancient and Medieval European, and Chinese records of eclipse observations from Almagest of Ptolemy that they can be dated consistently with the conventional chronology of Scaliger and Petavius at least as far back as 600 BCE.
Dr. Stephenson claims to have destroyed the basis of the New Chronology thanks to the data of eclipses from Babylonian clay tablets and antediluvian Chinese records. This ‘destruction’ is fallacious as there is no vocabulary of Babylonian astronomical symbols produced that can be applied to clay tablets for the extraction of unique dates of eclipses allegedly written on them.
The astronomical data contained therein is not sufficient for irrefutable non-circular dating. Either there are not enough symbols allowing for unique astronomical interpretation, or the symbols change from one clay tablet to another. The clay tablets contain data about eclipses visible in Babylon that could have taken place every 30-40 years; they don’t allow their exact pinpointing on the time axis.
An eclipse can easily be found for each allegedly ancient event mentioned in a clay cylinder or tablet, the age of which is also an alleged one. Consequently, the dates of eclipses are attached to tablets in a circular manner. On the contrary, Zodiacs from Egyptian Temples contain abundant astrological, i.e., astronomical information that is sufficient for non-circular unique dating. See Contents of Part 2, vol.III.
Dr. Stephenson argues that ancient dates of Babilon eclipses coincide with dates of Babilon eclipses described in Ptolemy’s Almagest but forgets to mention that Almagest composed in XVI describes events of X-XVI centuries. Dr. R.R.Newton called Ptolemy “the most successful fraud in the history of science. “ Circulus Vicious.
Rejection of common dating methods
On archaeological dating methods, Fomenko claims:
“Archaeological, dendrochronological, paleographical, and carbon methods of dating of ancient sources and artifacts are both non-exact, circular, and contradictory, therefore there is not a single piece of firm written evidence or artifact that could be reliably and independently dated earlier than the XI century.” — Anatoly Fomenko, History: Fiction or Science? (Chronology 1) [Second edition].
Dendrochronology
Dendrochronology is rejected with a claim that dating objects much older than the oldest still living trees isn’t an absolute but a relative dating method and is thus dependent on traditional chronology. Fomenko specifically points to a break of dendrochronological scales around AD 1000.
The dendrochronological sequences beginning with living trees from various parts of North America and Europe cannot be extended back 12,400 years into the past. Both relative and a fully anchored dendrochronology series going back past 1000 AD are fallacious as based on a non-significant number of samples.
Radiocarbon dating
Fomenko also cites a number of cases where carbon dating of a series of objects of known age gave significantly different dates. He also alleges undue cooperation between physicists and archaeologists in obtaining the dates since most radiocarbon dating labs only accept samples with an age estimate suggested by historians or archaeologists.
Fomenko also claims that carbon dating from AD 1 to 2000 is inaccurate because it has too many sources of error that are either guessed at or completely ignored. That calibration is done with a statistically meaningless number of samples.
Moreover, initial calibrations of the radiocarbon dating method were made in the Arizona University laboratory on wooden samples delivered and dated ad hoc by an archaeological expedition of 1955-57 of the same Arizona University to Sinai, Egypt. Consequently, Fomenko concludes that carbon dating in its present form based on fallacious initial calibration curves is circular and inaccurate enough to be used on the historical scale.
Numismatic dating
Fomenko rejects numismatic dating as circular, based on the traditional chronology, and points to cases of similar coins being minted in distant periods, unexplained long periods with no coins minted, and mismatched numismatic dating with historical accounts.
Has history been tampered with?
Refutation of the article from Wikipedia
History: Fiction or Science? Volume 8: Reconstruction of Chronology Part of: History: Fiction or Science? (29 books) by Anatoly T. Fomenko and Gleb W. Nosovskiy | Sep 3, 2023
History: Fiction or Science? A reconstruction of global history. The Great Empire’s legacy in Eurasia and America’s history and culture.: New Chronology; part 2 of vol.6 Paperback – October 31, 2022
Table of Contents V7
History: Fiction or Science? Mediæval World Empire • Conquest of the Promised Land (New Chronology Volume 6)
LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction of Science?: Conquest of the world. Europe. China. Japan. Russia (Chronology) (Volume 5)
LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Russia. Britain. Byzantium. Rome. New Chronology vol.4.
LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Astronomical methods as applied to chronology. Ptolemy’s Almagest. Tycho Brahe. Copernicus. The Egyptian zodiacs. New Chronology vol.3.
LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? The dynastic parallelism method. Rome. Troy. Greece. The Bible. Chronological shifts. New Chronology Vol.2
LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics. Eclipses and zodiacs. New Chronology Vol.I, 2nd revised Expanded Edition.
Also by Anatoly T. Fomenko
(List is non-exhaustive)
- Differential Geometry and Topology
- Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1987. USA, Consultants Bureau, New York and London.
- Variational Principles in Topology. Multidimensional Minimal Surface Theory
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1990.
- Topological variational problems. – Gordon and Breach, 1991.
- Integrability and Nonintegrability in Geometry and Mechanics
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1988.
- The Plateau Problem. vols.1, 2
- Gordon and Breach, 1990. (Studies in the Development of Modern Mathematics.)
- Symplectic Geometry.Methods and Applications.
- Gordon and Breach, 1988. Second edition 1995.
- Minimal surfaces and Plateau problem. Together with Dao Chong Thi
- USA, American Mathematical Society, 1991.
- Integrable Systems on Lie Algebras and Symmetric Spaces. Together with V. V. Trofimov. Gordon and Breach, 1987.
- The geometry of Minimal Surfaces in Three-Dimensional Space. Together with A. A.Tuzhilin
- USA, American Mathematical Society. In: Translation of Mathematical Monographs. vol.93, 1991.
- Topological Classification of Integrable Systems. Advances in Soviet Mathematics, vol. 6
- USA, American Mathematical Society, 1991.
- Tensor and Vector Analysis: Geometry, Mechanics and Physics. – Taylor and Francis, 1988.
- Algorithmic and Computer Methods for Three-Manifolds. Together with S.V.Matveev
- Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997.
- Topological Modeling for Visualization. Together with T. L. Kunii. – Springer-Verlag, 1997.
- Modern Geometry. Methods and Applications. Together with B. A. Dubrovin, S. P. Novikov
- Springer-Verlag, GTM 93, Part 1, 1984; GTM 104, Part 2, 1985. Part 3, 1990, GTM 124.
- The basic elements of differential geometry and topology. Together with S. P. Novikov
- Kluwer Acad. Publishers, The Netherlands, 1990.
- Integrable Hamiltonian Systems: Geometry, Topology, Classification. Together with A. V. Bolsinov
- Taylor and Francis, 2003.
- Empirical-Statistical Analysis of Narrative Material and its Applications to Historical Dating.
- Vol.1: The Development of the Statistical Tools. Vol.2: The Analysis of Ancient and Medieval
- Records. – Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands, 1994.
- Geometrical and Statistical Methods of Analysis of Star Configurations. Dating Ptolemy’s
- Almagest. Together with V. V Kalashnikov., G. V. Nosovsky. – CRC-Press, USA, 1993.
- New Methods of Statistical Analysis of Historical Texts. Applications to Chronology. Antiquity in the Middle Ages. Greek and Bible History. Vols.1, 2, 3. – The Edwin Mellen Press. The USA. Lewiston.
- Queenston. Lampeter, 1999.
- Mathematical Impressions. – American Mathematical Society, USA, 1990.