The Chronology Issue

Who controls the past controls the future. Who controls the present controls the past. — George Orwell, 1984

By the middle of the XVIth century the prime political agenda of Europe that has reached superiority in Sciences and Technologies, but was still inferior militarily, was to free itself from the control of the Evil Empire of Eurasia.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics. Eclipses and zodiacs. New Chronology Vol.I 2nd revised, expanded Edition. See Table of Contents.

The concerted effort of the Aristocracy, black and white Catholic clergy, the Protestants, Humanists, and Scientists in the creation and dissemination of the ideas of the fictional Ancient World and Dark Ages during the XV – XVII centuries served this agenda perfectly.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? The dynastic parallelism method. Rome. Troy. Greece. The Bible. Chronological shifts. New Chronology Vol.2 See Table of Contents.

The fictional  Ancient World served their agendas to claim their particular priorities by representing events of the XI-XVI centuries as ones that happened thousands of years before and themselves as inheritors thereof, according to the Ancient Authorities they invented and confirmed by the sources they created under aliases.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Astronomical methods as applied to chronology. Ptolemy’s Almagest. Tycho Brahe. Copernicus. The Egyptian zodiacs. New Chronology vol.3. See Table of Contents

The fugitives from Byzantine and inheritors of Eurasian warlords became the European aristocracy, and claimed the self-rule of their lands, the Roman Curia declared its priority over the Oriental Orthodoxy of the Evil Empire.

Protestants translated the New and the Old Testament into native languages to ensure the Christians independent exercise of religion without voracious clergy. Humanists and Scientists prepared the Enlightenment under the cover of Antiquity.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Russia. Britain. Byzantium. Rome. New Chronology vol.4. See Table of Contents

The Breakthrough New Chronology books published in the USA open new perspectives to check the veracity of History, of its events, and its characters by application of mathematics, statistics, DNA genealogy, population genetics, and astronomy.

Indeed, the time has come to check chronology scientifically as it is the foundation of history. Moreover, world history must not serve Judeo-Christian, Eurocentric, Muslim, Buddhist, or any other agenda, it must become the science that reports the most probable past of the homo sapience species.

Once the Chronology of Civilization is returned to the realms of applied mathematics, logic, and astronomy, and takes into account the irrefutably dated non-contradictory events and artifacts only, it shrinks drastically to approximately 1000 years.

The civilization of the population of the human sapiens species is defined as a hierarchical system consisting of state, army, ideology, religion, exchange of goods, writing, and communication transmission of information in time and space. The key events of history move to their more probable place on the time axis.

The British Encyclopaedia names Joseph Justus Scaliger (1540-1609) as the founder of the consensual chronology we have to live with. Calvinist and Kabbalist Scaliger had considered himself a great mathematician that solved the  ‘Quadrature of Circle’ problem by making π=3.16 (sic!). This discovery was laughed at by the French mathematician François Viete, considered to be the father of algebra.

His principal works Opus Novum de emendatione temporum (1583) and Thesaurum temporum (1606) represent a vast array of dates produced without any justification whatsoever, containing the repeating sequences of dates with shifts equal to multiples of the major Kabbalistic numbers 333 and 360. Numerology was considered a major science then and J.J.Scaliger was a prominent Kabbalist of his time.

The English philosopher William Ockham (allegedly 1225-1279 AD) said: “entities should not be multiplied beyond necessity”. `Ockham’s razor` applied to history leaves us with a vision of humankind with the civilization coming into being in the VIII – Xth centuries at the earliest if civilization is defined as a hierarchical system consisting of state, army, ideology, religion, writing, and communication.

Neither Calvinist Kabbalist J.J.Scaliger nor Jesuit D.Petavius, nor clergy or humanists paid much attention to Ockham’s law when they crafted Roman and Greek Antiquity. Their clients were Medici upstarts seeking legitimacy in days of yore in order to become Popes, Cardinals, and found regal dynasties. Medici succeeded by paying exceedingly well for a glorious but fictitious past.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics. Eclipses and zodiacs. New Chronology Vol.I 2nd revised, expanded Edition. See Table of Contents 

The Chronology of World History is to return to the realm of applied mathematics from which it was sequestrated by the clergy in the XVI-XVII centuries.

Thorough research shows that there is literally no reliable objectively datable information about events prior to the VIII century and that there is only very scarce information about events of the VIII – Xth century. The events of the “Ancient” History actually took place from the XI to the XVI century, were replicated on paper in 1400-1600 AD, and positioned under different labels in an imaginary distant past.

Once we cross-check archaeological, astronomical, dendrochronological, paleographical, and radiocarbon methods of dating ancient sources and artifacts we will find them to be non-independent, non-exact, statistically implausible, contradictory, and inevitably viciously circular because they are based or calibrated on the same consensual chronology of the Kabbalist Scaliger and Jesuit Petavius.

Unbelievable as it may seem, there is not a single piece of firm written evidence or artifact that could be reliably and independently dated earlier than the XI century. Classical history is firmly based on ‘sources’ based on copies made in the XV-XVII centuries of ‘unfortunately lost’ originals.

The eclipses described in medieval chronicles allegedly belonging to Antiquity once checked with astronomical computer programs have either occurred in the Middle Ages or didn’t occur at all.

A simple application of computational astronomy to the rules of calculation of Easter according to the Easter Book introduced by the Nicean Council of alleged 325 AD shows that it definitely could not have taken place before 784 AD.

Some related questions may arise: when and where was Jesus Christ born, and when was He crucified? Was The Old Testament compiled before or after the New One, etc..? New Chronology theory does not cancel events, artifacts, Pyramids,  Babilon, Sphinx, Great Walls, etc..etc, but points to their more probable positions on the time axis.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? The dynastic parallelism method. Rome. Troy. Greece. The Bible. Chronological shifts. New Chronology Vol.2 See Table of Contents

The consensual chronology we live with was essentially crafted in the XVI century from the contradictory mix of innumerable copies of ancient Latin and Greek manuscripts (all originals have mysteriously disappeared) and the “proofs” delivered by the late medieval astronomers, cemented by the authority of writings of the Church Fathers.

The Revelations of St John

US research of earth-moon mechanics by late NASA astrophysicist Robert Newton leads mathematicians of MSU Dr. Anatoly Fomenko et al to a breakthrough in the chronology of The Revelations of St John. The astronomical aspect of The Apocalypse stayed hidden for centuries.

‘The Apocalypse as seen by Astronomy’ has resurrected the astrological, i.e; astronomical ideas contained in The Apocalypse and extracted from it the precise date of its composition on the Isle of Patmos! St Augustin was again quite prescient saying; “..beware of mathematicians, especially when they speak the truth! “.

The inability of the latter-day commentators to comprehend the astronomical symbolism of the Apocalypse is directly resulting from the loss of knowledge about the correct chronology and the distortions introduced by historians of the XVI-XVIII century.

There was an unspoken general taboo on what concerned a subject quite as dangerous, which resulted in the misdating of the Apocalypse. One way or another, the understanding of the astronomical descriptions that the Apocalypse contains got lost at some point.

The Apocalypse had lost its distinctive astronomical hue in the eyes of the readers. However, its “astronomical component” is not simply exceptionally important – it alone suffices for the dating of the writing of the book itself.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Astronomical methods as applied to chronology. Ptolemy’s Almagest. Tycho Brahe. Copernicus. The Egyptian zodiacs. New Chronology vol.3. See Table of Contents

The irregular behavior of parameter D” in the Earth-Moon system discovered in 1972 by Dr. Robert R.Newton, chief astrophysicist of  NASA proves irrefutably that solar eclipses of alleged antiquity reported to us in the “ancient” chronicles were actually medieval. This leads the mathematicians Dr. Fomenko and Dr. Nosovskiy to the theory of New Chronology that solves this phenomenon. 

The Papacy of Rome initiated the myths of Ancient Rome, Greece, Persia, and Egypt. The Roman Church moved the beginning of Christianity by 1200 years to the past into the imaginary Ancient Rome and the placeholder Jerusalem to Palestine to justify the leadership of Western Christianity and its priority over Oriental Christianity.

Christianity originated in the Byzantine Empire in XII century as Oriental Orthodox Catholic Christian Church followed by the subsequent splits, and mutations into the competing Orthodox, Catholic, Western, Eastern, and Oriental Christianity, Mithraism, Judaism, Buddism, and Islam.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Russia. Britain. Byzantium. Rome. New Chronology vol.4. See Table of Contents

The Breakthrough New Chronology books published in the USA open new perspectives to check the veracity of History, its events, and characters by application of mathematics, statistics, DNA genealogy, population genetics, and astronomy.

The history of religions according to New Chronology runs as follows: the polytheism of the IX-Xth centuries AD, followed by the pre-Christian monotheism until the XIth century AD, Dionysus-Bacchus pre-Christianity of the XI-XIIth centuries AD.

Byzantine Emperor Andronicus was killed in the religious strife of 1185 AD and turned into the figurehead of Jesus Christ. The Crusades of 1189-1192 AD and 1199-1204 AD to Jerusalem-Constantinople were operations to punish the tormentors of Jesus and to ensure the spread of Christendom in Europe.

Jesuits breed Atheism

According to the consensual chronology of world history manufactured by the Jesuits in the XVI-XVII centuries, a number of philosophers concluded by the XVIII century that Jesus Christ is only a myth, constructed from elements of earlier ancient beliefs, Sun worship, and human sacrifices.

Armed with the arbitrary chronology of Kabbalist Scaliger and Jesuit Petavius, the encyclopedic crowd of Monsieur Voltaire proves that most dogmas and postulates of Christianity were known long before Jesus Christ. Consequently, Christianity consists of elements preceding ancient religions.

According to the superstar of Enlightenment Monsieur Voltaire, the very idea of the eternal soul appears initially in India 3000 years before Jesus, and the idea of Hell comes to Christianity from extremely ancient Persia. Archangel Gabriel’s visit to The Virgin Mary is copied on Mercury’s visit to nymph Alcmene on the order of Jupiter. Gospels are fairy tales, etc.

The Breakthrough New Chronology books published in the USA open new perspectives to check the veracity of History, its events, and characters by application of mathematics, statistics, DNA genealogy, population genetics, and astronomy.

The erroneous chronology of Kabbalist Scaliger and Jesuit Petavius has led thinkers of the past astray. Many a scientist followed in the steps of Voltaire and has discovered numerous parallels between Jesus Christ and ‘ancient’ figures – Buddha, Krishna, Mithras, Osiris, Horus, etc. As a result of such ‘discoveries’, the authority of Christianity was put in doubt, and atheism started to spread.

Atheism has easily found supporters in the scientific community for the simple reason that kabbalistic Scaliger’s chronology is presumed to be correct and irrefutable. The Church hierarchy of that time makes a grave mistake by not pairing the attacks of atheists with scientific arguments and revision of the erroneous Scaliger Chronology.

Atheists argue that if the consensual chronology is correct, then the atheist anti-Christian criticism based on it also is true. If most of the “facts about Jesus” existed before Jesus, then these ‘facts’ are copies of more ancient events. Therefore, Jesus Christ is fiction, and Christianity is questioned.

The number of people disappointed in Christianity started to grow first amongst scientific communities. The skepticism spreads with literacy from scientists to the general public. It is impossible to refute the atheists because of the ‘irrefutable’ ancient dates of consensual chronology. The authority of Christianity is undermined.

The fundamental error committed by Church hierarchs of the XVIII century was the unwillingness and fear to check and refute erroneous dates attributed to Christianity. They have ignored the appeal of Jesuit Jean Hardouin, chief librarian of Louis XIV and Curator of Louvre, and Isaac Newton to identify and correct the mistakes of Scaliger-Petavius chronology.

The Church hierarchy confined itself to the vague “inviolability of faith”. It failed to restore the correct dates and to prove that Jesus Christ is not a “literary compilation”. All numerous allegedly “ancient” prototypes of Jesus are eventually phantom reflections (on paper) of the emperor Andronicus alias Jesus Christ alias Saint Andrew from the XIIth century.

Such reflections of Jesus Christ are very ‘ancient’ figures, labeled by the atheists as “the prototypes of Jesus”. The contrary is true because historical Jesus preceded ‘ancient deities’, therefore the importance of Jesus Christ-Andronicus-Saint Andrew increases dramatically.

According to New Chronology all ancient deities which have appeared after Christianity: Mithra, Horus, Buddha, Shiva, etc.. are reflections of Jesus Christ. They have appeared as a result of subsequent splits, and mutations into competing faiths: Orthodoxy, Catholicism; but also Western, Eastern, and Oriental Christianity, Mithraism, Judaism, Buddism, and Islam.

The charges against New Chronology being harmful to Christianity are unfounded. On the contrary, the New Chronology makes many atheistic arguments null & void. New Chronology protects Christianity from atheistic attacks by placing events of civilization in their more probable place on the time axis.

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Mediæval World Empire • Conquest of the Promised Land (New Chronology Volume 6)

Table of Contents V6 

 LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction of Science?: Conquest of the world. Europe. China. Japan. Russia (Chronology) (Volume 5)

Table of Contents V5

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Russia. Britain. Byzantium. Rome. New Chronology vol.4.   

Table of Contents V4

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Astronomical methods as applied to chronology. Ptolemy’s Almagest. Tycho Brahe. Copernicus. The Egyptian zodiacs. New Chronology vol.3.

Table of Contents V3

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? The dynastic parallelism method. Rome. Troy. Greece. The Bible. Chronological shifts. New Chronology Vol.2 

Table of Contents V2

LOOK INSIDE History: Fiction or Science? Dating methods as offered by mathematical statistics. Eclipses and zodiacs. New Chronology Vol.I, 2nd revised Expanded Edition. 

Table of Contents V1

Also by Anatoly T. Fomenko

(List is non-exhaustive)

• Differential Geometry and Topology
• Plenum Publishing Corporation. 1987. USA, Consultants Bureau, New York, and London.
• Variational Principles in Topology. Multidimensional Minimal Surface Theory
• Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1990.
• Topological variational problems. – Gordon and Breach, 1991.
• Integrability and Nonintegrability in Geometry and Mechanics
• Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1988.
• The Plateau Problem. vols.1, 2
• Gordon and Breach, 1990. (Studies in the Development of Modern Mathematics.)
• Symplectic Geometry.Methods and Applications.
• Gordon and Breach, 1988. Second edition 1995.
• Minimal surfaces and Plateau problem. Together with Dao Chong Thi
• USA, American Mathematical Society, 1991.
• Integrable Systems on Lie Algebras and Symmetric Spaces. Together with V. V. Trofimov. Gordon and Breach, 1987.
• The geometry of Minimal Surfaces in Three-Dimensional Space. Together with A. A.Tuzhilin
• USA, American Mathematical Society. In: Translation of Mathematical Monographs. vol.93, 1991.
• Topological Classification of Integrable Systems. Advances in Soviet Mathematics, vol. 6
• USA, American Mathematical Society, 1991.
• Tensor and Vector Analysis: Geometry, Mechanics and Physics. – Taylor and Francis, 1988.
• Algorithmic and Computer Methods for Three-Manifolds. Together with S.V.Matveev
• Kluwer Academic Publishers, The Netherlands, 1997.
• Topological Modeling for Visualization. Together with T. L. Kunii. – Springer-Verlag, 1997.
• Modern Geometry. Methods and Applications. Together with B. A. Dubrovin, S. P. Novikov
• Springer-Verlag, GTM 93, Part 1, 1984; GTM 104, Part 2, 1985. Part 3, 1990, GTM 124.
• The basic elements of differential geometry and topology. Together with S. P. Novikov
• Kluwer Acad. Publishers, The Netherlands, 1990.
• Integrable Hamiltonian Systems: Geometry, Topology, Classification. Together with A. V. Bolsinov
• Taylor and Francis, 2003.
• Empirical-Statistical Analysis of Narrative Material and its Applications to Historical Dating.
• Vol.1: The Development of the Statistical Tools. Vol.2: The Analysis of Ancient and Medieval
• Records. – Kluwer Academic Publishers. The Netherlands, 1994.
• Geometrical and Statistical Methods of Analysis of Star Configurations. Dating Ptolemy’s
• Almagest. Together with V. V Kalashnikov., G. V. Nosovsky. – CRC-Press, USA, 1993.
• New Methods of Statistical Analysis of Historical Texts. Applications to Chronology. Antiquity in the Middle Ages. Greek and Bible History. Vols.1, 2, 3. – The Edwin Mellen Press. The USA. Lewiston.
• Queenston. Lampeter, 1999.
• Mathematical Impressions. – American Mathematical Society, USA, 1990.